As an opponent in value argumentation, to gain an advantage from the benefit of presumption, what must you do?
(a) Be aware of how the value object is presently viewed in the field or by the audience.
(b) Investigate what opinions have been formed about the value object, particularly those of respected authorities in the field.
(c) Determine what value standards (criteria) are used to judge the value object and what controversies exist about the value object at the present time. (d) All of the above
D
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Which of the following is one of the guidelines for using presentation aids?
a) Pretest the presentation aids. b) When using presentation aids, look at them rather than at your audience. c) Keep the aids visible to the audience even after you have finished using them. d) Avoid practicing the speech with the visual aids.
The opponent's strategy of extenuation is a form of refutation in which the claim is made that the advocate has failed to determine what is required to establish the alleged fact
or has failed to provide sufficient proof or reasoning to establish the alleged fact. Indicate whether the statement is true or false.