The opponent's strategy of extenuation is a form of refutation in which the claim is made that the advocate has failed to determine what is required to establish the alleged fact

Group norms are:

a. Changes in the communication habits of the group. b. Official rules about group decision making. c. Leadership behaviors. d. Standardized guidelines regulating how members act and interact with each other.

In a speech about organ donation, Nathan gave the audience a handout about the need for organs and the process for becoming an organ donor before his speech. Is this an effective use of his presentation aid, according to the text's guidelines?

a. Yes; Nathan drew the audience into the speech by having them focus on the handout. b. No; Nathan should have waited until the conclusion to pass out the handouts, as they may distract the audience. c. No; Nathan confused the audience by having them look at a handout that did notrelate to what he was speaking about. d. Yes; Nathan used the handout in a timely and effective way, selecting the right presentation aid for the topic.