Reusable code and the use of macro libraries is a feature of fourth-generation languages

Luccia's is a restaurant based in Illinois that exclusively sells Italian food. Luccia's sells the rights to its recipes to a British firm, Clover Trading, which then opens an outlet in London under the Luccia's brand name

Which kind of channel arrangement does Luccia's most likely have with Clover Trading? A) a horizontal marketing system B) a direct marketing system C) an administered vertical marketing system D) a contractual vertical marketing system E) a corporate vertical marketing system

In reacting to the marketing environment, what strategies do firms adopt in order to shift from a reactive to a more proactive stance?

What will be an ideal response?