In the story "Carrots or Sticks?," which family used discussion, timeouts and taking away of privileges and as their methods of discipline?

Your long-time friend asks you several questions about a former classmate that you "bumped into" while on vacation. Although you talked to this old classmate for over an hour and know that she told you the name of the town in which she and her family are now living, you can't seem to retrieve the name of the town at this moment in time. This is an example of when a memory is

a. procedural rather than semantic. b. temporary rather than permanent. c. short-term but not long-term. d. available but not accessible.

Which of the following statements is true of the effect of optimism on cognitive functioning?

a. Optimism alone influences cognitive functioning. c. Pessimists are more often inflexible, rigid, and likely to give up pursuing their goals. b. Pessimists are more likely to pay attention to both positive and negative stimuli equally. d. Optimists are more likely to pay attention to only positive stimuli and to ignore negative stimuli.