Which of the following statements is true of the effect of optimism on cognitive functioning?
a. Optimism alone influences cognitive functioning.
c. Pessimists are more often inflexible, rigid, and likely to give up pursuing their goals.
b. Pessimists are more likely to pay attention to both positive and negative stimuli equally.
d. Optimists are more likely to pay attention to only positive stimuli and to ignore negative stimuli.
ANS: C
FEEDBACK: In research, students who scored high on pessimism were more likely to pay attention to negative stimuli; students who scored high on optimism attended to both positive and negative stimuli (Segerstrom, 2001). A study of college students in Germany found that optimists were flexible and adaptable in their cognitive activities, whereas pessimists were more often inflexible, rigid, and likely to give up pursuing their goals (Weber, Vollmann, & Renner, 2007).
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