________ are negotiable certificates issued by a bank to represent the underlying shares of stock, which are held in trust at a foreign custodian bank

Which of the following BEST describes selling against the brand?

a. It helps manufacturers gain shelf visibility. b. It has resulted in manufacturers slowly gaining control of distribution channels. c. It has resulted in the sales declines of manufacturer brands. d. It has been a losing battle for private-label brands.

A mainframe computer company decided to enter the personal computer market with its Floridian Project, but subsequently decided to leave the market to focus on the mainframe business. The decision rule that they probably applied was to get out:

A) When the project no longer meets strategic fit criteria. B) When deadlines continue to be missed. C) When project personnel turn over too rapidly. D) When technology evolves beyond the project's scope.