Which of the following techniques could be described as "massing?"

A) Studying for a test by breaking up your lecture notes into sections and mastering each section before moving on to the next.
B) Studying for a chapter test by reading through the entire chapter before going back to the beginning and starting over again.
C) Studying each flash card in a large pile before starting over again.
D) A football player learning the playbook by reviewing each play once before starting over again.

Answer: A
Rationale: Massing involves concentrating all of the studying of a single piece of information into a short period of time. In contrast, spacing spreads the studying of a single piece of information out over a longer period of time. Studying for a test by breaking up lecture notes into sections and mastering each section by itself is a form of massing because the studying of each section is concentrated into a short period of time. In contrast, all of the other examples involve spacing.