________ thought is associated with a fifth stage of cognitive development

Elmer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia by his psychiatrist on the basis of exhibiting positive symptoms. Elmer has not shown any of the negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Therefore, Elmer has likely not exhibited ____

a. ?hallucinations? b. ?delusions c. ?social withdrawal d. ?disorganized thoughts

"Try to identify how the current state of affairs differs from the desired goal, and then find steps that will reduce the difference.". This advice describes a

a. syllogism. b. heuristic. c. prototype. d. dimension of the semantic differential.