As a sexually active heterosexual couple, it is likely that Russell and Maddy both emphasize the role of sexuality in their relationship from the same point of view

During her psychology class, Sarah had trouble understanding the lecturer in the front of the room, as there was a loud noise from the construction site outside. As a result of this, she became agitated

What was Sarah's problem, and what could she have done to overcome it? a) Environmental distraction; she could have requested the lecturer conduct the class at a quieter place b) Speaker's communication style; she could have familiarized herself with the lecturer's speech pattern. c) Emotional distractions; she could have stayed calm. d) Message content; she could have motivated herself to listen more closely.

The method of delivery that involves speaking without preparation is the __________ method

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).