Oscar and his mother are looking at a picture book. When she points to the duck and labels it by name, Oscar also looks at the duck. Oscar and his mother are demonstrating __________.

In the process of shaping, behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response. These behaviors are called _____________

a) primary reinforcers b) successive approximations c) secondary reinforcers d) unconditioned stimuli

What often happens to the babies of mothers who have been addicted to cocaine?

a) They have facial anomalies. b) They suffer withdrawal symptoms. c) They are born with severely deformed limbs. d) They experience severe headaches and nausea.