The idea that the best design for an organization depends on the nature of the environment in which the organization is operating is central to which of the following approaches to organizational design?

Companies can make strategic planning more effective by:

a. ensuring the participation of top management. b. ensuring that decision making is centralized. c. making strategic planning an annual exercise. d. avoiding cross-functional teams.

________ tools are those that can create a representation of a system or program module at a design level of abstraction

A) Configuration management B) Reengineering C) Reverse engineering D) Build routines