Compare and contrast common causes of variation and special causes of variation
What will be an ideal response?
No two outputs from any production process are exactly alike due to variation. Common causes of variation are the factors that comprise a process: people, machines, materials, methods, and measurement systems. On the other hand, special causes of variation occur sporadically: a worn production tool, a machine that has fallen out of adjustment, or a bad lot of materials. Special causes of variation can be identified and either eliminated or at least explained while common causes of variation are inherent to the process.
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The owner of a secluded area adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean noticed that people from town walked along the shore in front of his property. The owner learned that the local citizens had been walking along this beach for several years. He went to court to try to stop people from walking along the water's edge in front of his property. The owner is likely to be
A) unsuccessful because the local citizens have been doing this for years and thus have an easement. B) unsuccessful because the owner's property extends only to the high-water mark and the public may use the land beyond this point. C) successful because the owner's property extends to the middle of the water bed. D) successful because the owner can control access to his own property.
Which statement is not true when deciding on whether to use an odd or even number of categories when developing a non-comparative itemized rating scale?
A) With an odd number of categories, the middle scale position is generally designated neutral or impartial. B) The decision to use an odd or even number of categories depends on whether some of the respondents may be neutral on the response being measured. C) A rating scale with an even number of categories should be used if the researcher wants to force a response. D) All of the above statements are true.