The tendency to hold on to beliefs even when we are presented with evidence to the contrary is called __________

Suppose your friend Ellen has lost the back to her earring. She looks around her room, picks up a pencil, removes the eraser, and uses the eraser as a substitute for the missing part. According to the chapter on problem solving, Ellen

a. has solved an ill-defined problem. b. is too heavily guided by mental set. c. has focused on the initial state. d. has overcome functional fixedness.

Tobacco companies use marketing strategies like ________ in order to get adolescents abroad hooked on smoking

A) portraying use of cigarettes as a European, and therefore prestigious, habit B) portraying the use of cigarettes as primarily an adult activity C) giving away free samples D) charging premiums for young smokers, making cigarettes more prestigious and attractive