If a government policy increases benefits to the unemployed without having a detrimental effect on any other constituent, the policy is

Downward shifts are a. increases in both demand and supply

b. decreases in both demand and supply. c. increases in demand and decreases in supply. d. increases in supply and decreases in demand.

Which of the following would be classified as an innovation?

a. Edwin H. Land perfects the single-step photographic process in 1947. b. Polaroid markets the single-step film in 1948. c. Thomas Alva Edison perfects the incandescent lamp with carbon filament in 1879. d. In 1803, Robert Fulton constructs his first small steamboat in Paris.