In 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court for the first time recognized the "right to bear arms" as an individual right under the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution

Which of the following would lead to agenda setting?

a. an increase in attrition rate b. an increase in population c. an increase in road accidents d. an increase in the number of common flu incidents

In a single-group, posttest-only study, an observed difference

A) cannot be a placebo effect. B) might be a placebo effect. C) is strong evidence for a causal relationship. D) is almost always going to be statistically significant.