According to the article Yoking Smokingabout operant conditioning, behavioral psychologists often reward
successive approximations of a behavior to teach a rat to press a bar (e.g.
, first rewards the rat for turning
toward the bar, then only rewards the rat for standing near the bar, then only rewards the rat for leaning its
nose on the bar, etc). What is this process called? (a) modeling
(b) shaping
(c) token economy
(d) noncontingent reinforcer
B
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If you are studying flirting behavior in college students by sitting quietly at the college snack bar and watching students as they interact with each other, all the while pretending to read a newspaper, you are engaging in a form of naturalistic observation
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false