Gradually, __________ of the personality can be achieved by manipulating the environment to reinforce a desired end behavior

In a study of how memory processes unfold over time, as described in the textbook, a team of researchers asked participants to retrieve autobiographical memories while undergoing fMRI scans. Researchers found that

a. the same brain areas that are most active during encoding are most active during retrieval. b. as elaboration takes place, areas responsible for encoding become more and more active than those for retrieval. c. early in the process, before participants elaborated their memories, structures like the hippocampus were active. d. psychological models of encoding and retrieval apparently are unrelated to processes in the brain.

According to the authors of your text, automatic thinking is based on

a. subconscious desires and impulses. b. biological responses and cognitive thought. c. one's sense of self and identity. d. past experiences and knowledge.