The form of deductive reasoning introduced by the Greek philosopher Aristotle over 2,000 years ago is called

Researchers have conducted studies on a variety of vision-like processes that are unfamiliar to the general public. This research demonstrates that a mental image has roughly the same effect that an actual visual stimulus has,

for example, in producing the masking effect. On the basis of this research, we can conclude that a. demand characteristics probably cannot explain the results. b. the propositional-coding explanation is likely to be correct. c. visual imagery is stronger than auditory or motor imagery. d. experimenter expectancy consistently influences the research on mental imagery.

According to the serial-position effect, if you are shown a list of items and then asked to immediately recall them

A) you will most easily recall items from the beginning and the middle of the list. B) you will most easily recall items from the beginning and the end of the list. C) you will most easily recall items from the middle and the end of the list. D) retention of any particular item is based on emotional valence, not its position in the list.