Why did the concept of collective security, as agreed upon by members of the League of Nations, not uphold the promise of ending the anarchic nature of the international system?
a. It made taking collective action nearly impossible since aggressive countries were overrepresented in the League.
b. It allowed more powerful nations to veto proposed collective actions, giving them more power in the League of Nations.
c. The United States, whose president had proposed the League, ultimately failed to become a member.
d. The League did not establish a world government, but instead constituted a confederation whose members had the option of collectively disclaiming aggressor countries.
Answer: D
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If you wanted to test the hypothesis that extreme poverty
is a root cause of civil wars in less-developed countries, you could operationally define your independent variable by using: a. conflicts within states with at least 1,000 deaths. b. conflicts within states with a yearly average death toll of at least 100. c. GDP. d. the percentage of persons living in extreme poverty.
How do the rational basis standard and "intermediate scrutiny" differ?
a. The rational basis standard requires an important governmental objective for classification; intermediate scrutiny requires the classification to be necessary. b. The rational basis standard applies only to racial classifications; intermediate scrutiny applies to gender and sexual orientation classifications. c. Intermediate scrutiny is applied to a broader array of classifications than the rational basis standard. d. It is easier for the government to demonstrate a rational basis for a law than to meet the requirements of intermediate scrutiny. e. Those who dislike a law will have an easier time getting it overturned if the Supreme Court applies intermediate scrutiny instead of the rational basis standard.