Which of the following is indicative of the social desirability bias?
a) Subjects are able to mask their true feelings when they are aware of the purpose of measurement.
b) Choice of most socially appropriate, politically correct items to administer
c) Changes in self report responses before and after therapy due to exaggeration and underplaying of problems
d) Loose interpretation of items by subjects to present themselves in the best possible light
Correct Answer: d
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Which of the following students provides the best definition of the term "inference," in connection with the discussion of semantic memory in Chapter 8?
a. Don: "An inference refers to those conclusions and logical implications that people make, even when they were never directly stated in the original stimulus." b. Javier: "An inference is the grammatical structure of a sentence, in both written and spoken language." c. Polina: "An inference occurs when one speaker stops talking, and another begins to speak." d. Lindsey: "An inference is basically an alternate term for the word validity."
In which of the following designs is the investigator most likely to be justified in drawing causal inferences?
a) Cross-sectional designs b) Retrospective designs c) Longitudinal designs d) All of the above