In which of the following designs is the investigator most likely to be justified in drawing causal inferences?

The idea that a behavior will increase or decrease based on the consequences that follow that behavior is crucial to ________

a. operant conditioning b. insight learning c. vicarious learning d. classical conditioning

The fact that most people tend to perceive complete objects, even when part of the object is missing, is consistent with the Gestalt law of:

a. proximity b. common fate c. similarity d. closure