In the ascetic value system, one denies sexual desires

Emmy the cat has been scratching a chair in the living room. Her owners do not want to get rid of the cat, but they must stop her from scratching the chair. If they decide to use punishment, what is the most effective course of action?

a) Yell at the cat when they see evidence that the cat has scratched the chair. b) Squirt the cat with a water bottle when they catch her scratching the chair, but not at any other time. c) Squirt the cat with a water bottle when they catch her scratching the chair, but then quickly give her a treat. d) Yell and point at the cat periodically throughout the day when they pass her in any room of the house. ANS: b, p. 238, C/A, Difficulty=2

You show your little niece Greta a two-sided mirror. Then, you hold it between you and her,

so that she can see herself in it. If you ask her what she thinks you can see, she will most likely imagine that you see her face reflected in the mirror, instead of your own. At this age, Greta cannot mentally transform the view she sees into the view you must be seeing. Greta is most likely in which cognitive stage? a. formal operational b. sensorimotor c. concrete operational d. preoperational