Ryan, aged 18, has an IQ of 65. This suggests that he has a ________ level of intellectual disability.

In the definition of psychology, the term mental processes refers to __________

a) internal, unobservable behaviors b) outward behavior c) overt actions and reactions d) only animal behavior

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and, thus ________ the probability of a response

a) removed; increases b) removed; decreases c) presented; increases d) presented; decreases