Pick the correct ego function for the following component: memory, concentration, and attention.

Roberta has been diagnosed as having avoidant personality disorder. She is timid, does not like to go to parties, and she is extremely anxious in most social situations. Why does Roberta feel this way?

a. She is actually disinterested in other people. b. She wants to be liked but is afraid of criticism. c. She is preoccupied with understanding social rules. d. She prefers to be the center of attention, and retreats from groups when that is not possible.

Imagine that a young girl is describing how people must add a term such as -ed if they want to form a past tense. Her description shows that she has competence in

a. semantics. b. pragmatics. c. meta-analysis. d. metalinguistics.