Bureaucrats have both public and personal motives to do all of the following EXCEPT ________

What do statistical trends regarding foreign policy and presidential success suggest?

A)Presidentsare successful in controlling foreign policy agencies but face stiff opposition by Congress to their foreign policy appropriations requests. B)Presidents have little success in controlling foreign policy agencies but enjoy a great deal of congressional deference to their foreign policy appropriations requests. C)Presidents enjoy greater control over foreign policy agencies than domestic policy agencies,and the foreign policy appropriations by Congress better reflect presidential requests than do domestic policy appropriations. D)Presidentsrarely win foreign policy battles with Congress,but they have often seen their domestic policy priorities reflected in domestic agency funding.

Which of the following examples best illustrates the principle of political disadvantage theory?

A. As the power of a few interest groups increases, it will become increasingly difficult for new interest groups to gain influence in Congress. B. Unpopular industries, unable to sway public opinion, try to win concessions through the courts. C. If interest groups contribute money to both parties, their influence with the winning side declines, but if they contribute to only one party, their access might be closed completely. D. Small interest groups cannot affect policy because they cannot gain direct access to members of Congress. E. Although attacking lobbyists and interest groups makes for a good stump speech, lawmakers who try to function without those groups find they can get little done.