Research suggests that "negative ads" appear to
A) benefit incumbents more than challengers.
B) benefit challengers more than incumbents.
C) benefit no one.
D) increase voter turnout.
E) benefit third parties.
B
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Germany's political development from the decline of feudalism to the eve of the World War I differed from that of both the United Kingdom and France in that, Germany ________
A. was largely established as a modern state by the early nineteenth century B. was an emerging democracy by the late 1800s C. was characterized by militarism, which was an essential element of its political culture until the 1940s D. was characterized by an absence of religious cleavages E. was using its middle class as the strongest organizing force for establishing a democratic government
The breakdown of non-democracy occurs when
a. political elites found the institutional framework for the new democratic system. b. a crisis emerges that threatens an existing democracy. c. the crisis stage brings an overhaul of the democratic system, rather than a non-democratic system. d. a democracy collapses or slowly transforms into a non-democratic system. e. the slow liberalization or rapid collapse of a non-democratic system takes place.