What term is used to describe standardized tests that compare an individual child's score to the average score of others her age?

In general, what is an attitude? Provide an example of an attitude toward some person or thing, and identify the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of that attitude

What will be an ideal response?

Martina is irrationally afraid of bridges. She doesn't remember any specific instance that led to her fear, but it's so debilitating that she will drive miles out of her way to avoid crossing a bridge. When her friends tell her that she's being silly, she is most likely to reply by saying that:

A. every time the fear arises, she feels she has no choice but to drive in the opposite direction as fast as possible. B. she thinks about bridges all the time; it's an obsession that she can't control. C. she's sorry she told them, because one of the symptoms of a phobia is fear of being shamed. D. she knows there's no real reason for this much fear, but she can't help how she feels.