One of the difficulties that the state encounters in trying to unify citizens around religion is that
A. Iran previously had a history of separation of church and state.
B. religious observances vary by local and neighborhood customs.
C. the state has been able to monopolize the symbols and interpretations of religious belief.
D. religious scholars are not allowed to debate the tenets of religion.
B
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Among the incentives to join noneconomic interest groups are all except which of the following?
a. Passion for the goals of the group b. Chance to be elected to office c. Social pressure from peers d. Selective incentives e. Threat of ostracism from the life of the community
Americans often hear the metaphor of a “wall of separation between church and state” when referring to the First Amendment’s right to freedom of religion. When was this metaphor first used?
a. in the 1960s, by the Supreme Court when it became increasingly liberal and turned on “the church” b. in the second half of the twentieth century, when atheists began to influence Congress c. during the Civil War, when religious groups demanded protection from government abuses d. in 1802 by President Thomas Jefferson, based on his reaction to the influential role of Protestantism in public life e. several thousand years ago, as a biblically based standard