One consequence of the large-scale use of intelligence testing in the United States was that
a. assessment was seen as an evil that differentiated people into the haves and the have-nots.
b. the public came to accept that intelligence tests could differentiate people in terms of socially important characteristics.
c. a large section of the population became disillusioned with testing and launched a social movement against the use of intelligence testing.
d. researchers strove to develop tests that could be used on an individual basis, and moved against group testing.
Answer: b. the public came to accept that intelligence tests could differentiate people in terms of socially important characteristics.
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Dr. Maizenblu was testing out a new medication used to treat depression
He had 150 participants who had varying levels of depression. Because he wanted to see whether a new drug really worked, he separated the severely depressed from the mildly or moderately depressed. He then made sure the severely depressed group actually received the drug while the other group received the placebo. What error, if any, did Dr. Maizenblu make in this experiment? a) He made no error at all. b) He did not have enough participants in the study. c) He showed selection bias. d) He showed unethical treatment of depressed people.
Carol Gilligan (1982/1993) claimed the existence of a certain kind of bias in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning. However, research conducted in early 2000s found little support for Gilligan's claim and she has since modified her position. Which of the following statements strengthens Gilligan's initial claim?
A. Kohlberg's theory ignored the reasoning underlying a person's response to a moral dilemma to determine the stage of moral development. B. Kohlberg's theory overemphasized the importance of authoritative parents in stimulating children to reason at higher levels. C. Kohlberg's theory was racist, and its interpretation varied with varying cultures and ethnicities. D. Kohlberg's theory expected women to prioritize the virtue of care and harm avoidance over justice.