In the circular flow model, which of the following is considered a leakage?

The market in which banks borrow from other banks for short periods of time is the

a. discount market b. federal funds market c. interbank loan market d. national bank market e. liquidity market

If the monetary authorities follow policies that keep the annual rate of inflation steady and low (for example, 2 percent), which of the following is most likely to occur?

a. a high rate of unemployment because people will anticipate a higher rate of inflation b. considerable fluctuations in real GDP because the monetary authorities are not constantly adjusting monetary policy in light of current business conditions c. higher real interest rates because decision makers will fail to anticipate the 2 percent rate of inflation d. an unemployment rate that is at or near the natural rate of unemployment because the actual rate of inflation will not be much different than what people expect