All of the following are examples of secondary reinforcers EXCEPT
a. money.
b. a good grade on a test.
c. a drink of water.
d. a mother's reassuring glance.
C
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Suppose that you have a summer job in which you work with both monolingual and bilingual children, although the two groups are otherwise similar. You would expect to find that
a. the monolingual children would typically be better at following directions. b. the bilingual children would learn the pragmatics of only one language, so if English is their second language, they would be likely to make pragmatic errors. c. the bilingual children would usually be better at following complex instructions. d. the bilingual children would generally perform better at all language tasks except for tasks requiring metalinguistic expertise.
According to the article Yoking Smokingabout operant conditioning, which of the following correctly
identifies the independent and dependent variables in this experiment on smoking cessation? (a) IV: brand of cigarettes smoked, DV: survey of smoking behavior (b) IV: abstinence, DV: naturalistic observation of smoking (c) IV: reward contingency, DV: ppm of CO (d) IV: ppm of CO, DV: amount of money paid