According to the article Yoking Smokingabout operant conditioning, which of the following correctly
identifies the independent and dependent variables in this experiment on smoking cessation?
(a) IV: brand of cigarettes smoked, DV: survey of smoking behavior
(b) IV: abstinence, DV: naturalistic observation of smoking
(c) IV: reward contingency, DV: ppm of CO
(d) IV: ppm of CO, DV: amount of money paid
C
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Which of the following best describes the feelings of an emerging adult and his or her parent(s) as the young person leaves the home?
a. "absence makes the heart grow fonder" b. "storm and stress, resistance and rebellion" c. "relief and good-riddance" d. "joy and exhilaration"
Johnson-Laird argued that __________
a. Humans cannot use formal logic b. Humans use mental models of the described state of affairs c. Human decision making is intrinsically connected to language skills d. Human decision making relies on explicit hypothesis testing