André Bazin argued that classical, intrusive editing most effectively created realistic presentation in film

A bank robber walks into a bank, points a gun at the teller, and asks for money to be handed over in a plain brown bag. There are fifteen witnesses, but each person describes a different person when he or she is questioned by the police

This example illustrates that a. people perceive the same things differently and they assume that their perceptions are true reflections of reality. b. the bank robber was not actually seen by all fifteen people, otherwise they would have had similar descriptions. c. there was too much time elapsed between the time the people witnessed the bank robbery and the time the police arrived. d. the people who witnessed the bank robbery were not very observant, so the police have to find the witness who can give the correct description of the bank robber. e. None of the above.

If the production aspect of an industrial organization is regarded to be influenced only by formal job and organizational design, then by making use of which theory can this perspective be altered, and how?

a) Hawthorne effect; by recognizing the importance of individual workers in the overall process of productio b) Theory X–Theory Y; by accepting the basic assumptions about the nature of individual workers inherent in both scientific and humanistic theories of management and organization c) Participative management; by basing an employee-centered management on effectively functioning groups linked together structurally throughout the organization d) Principles of coordination; by characterizing conflict as potentially constructive and describing collective responsibility and integration as supportive of business excellence