Ken is able to perform mathematical operations only if he can use real objects and familiar examples in working up his answers. Ken is in Piaget's _____ stage

A psychological test that measures what we intend it to measure is said to be ________

a) valid b) normed c) reliable d) standardized

The devastating effects of learned helplessness point out the importance of which of the following in defending against psychological problems?

a. hope b. trust c. sublimation d. primary appraisals