Dr. Littman-Smith is conducting research in Kenya to learn about the ways that mothers and their toddlers interact as they go about their day. It is most likely that she is engaged in:

The forerunners of psychology developed the theory of phrenology, which in Greek means

a. a map of thoughts. b. a map of behavior. c. study of the mind. d. study of mental diseases.

Which of the following best describes Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning?

a. Moral reasoning is based on the individual's own independent judgments rather than on what others view as wrong or right. b. What is right is whatever agrees with the rules established by tradition and by authorities. c. Rules should be obeyed to avoid punishment from those in authority. d. Moral reasoning is based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments.