The view that defense policy protects everyone, and that everyone pays for it typifies defense policymaking as ___________ politics.

If a group of people were systematically discriminated against in the past, which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome this legacy of discrimination?

a. a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government b. a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group c. a color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance – d. requiring that all job applicants have at least two years of prior experience

Co-optation is an approach to citizen participation or management that stresses customer satisfaction, examines relationships among existing management processes, seeks to improve internal agency communications, and responds to valid customer demands

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.