Many working-class people identify as middle class and therefore vote more conservatively than they should according to their class

A serious weakness of the pretest-posttest, natural control-group design is that

A) the two groups may be statistically different from each other at the start of the study. B) the two groups may be statistically equivalent at the start of the study. C) experimenter effects cannot be prevented. D) there is no control for effects due to history or maturation.

If busing has been the most divisive issue in desegregating elementary and secondary schools, ______ in admissions and scholarship has been its analogue in higher education.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).