Which of the following realist perspectives explains the breakdown of the balance of power between the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance, leading to the start of war in 1914? (Choose all that apply.)

a. Some realists argue that Germany launched a preventive war against Russia to maintain its position of power.
b. Some realists argue that the cartelized domestic politics in Germany resulted in overexpansion, which alienated the country’s immediate neighbors.
c. Some realists argue that war was a result of the decline of Great Britain as a hegemon, leading to a multipolar scramble to decide which country would be the next hegemon.
d. Some realists argue that the collapse of the Concert of Europe conference system led states to develop a rigid unipolar system to compensate for the lack of institutional direction.

a. Some realists argue that Germany launched a preventive war against Russia to maintain its position of power.
c. Some realists argue that war was a result of the decline of Great Britain as a hegemon, leading to a multipolar scramble to decide which country would be the next hegemon.