Who was the first female presidential candidate?

In the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis there was a relaxation of Cold War tensions

Indicate whether this statement is true or false

In contrast to the views of the founding fathers, political scientists like E.E. Schattschneider often describe political parties as

a. nothing more than large factions driven by selfish motives destructive of the common good. b. superior political organizations serving to enhance democracy. c. weak and insignificant, having no impact on the political system. d. inferior to interest groups in democratic governance.