Which two levels of constraint involve the direct comparison of two or more groups of participants?

What is a major criticism of the winner-take-all electoral system?

a. It emphasizes political parties at the expense of individual candidates. b. It limits voter choice and makes it impossible for minor parties to compete in elections. c. It causes a pronounced tendency toward party decentralization. d. It makes forming a national consensus more difficult. e. It encourages the emergence of single-issue splinter parties.

Under the Old System, crises had a way of leaving the federal bureaucracy

A) ?more efficient. B) ?more decentralized. C) ?larger than it was before. D) ?less organized. E) ?popular.