In data reduction, categories are final once established and cannot be modified as data analysis continues.

James works for the county fire department and has not had a raise in three years. When he shows up at the mayor's house to put out a fire, he sees the mayor standing outside

James tells the mayor that he will put out the fire only if the mayor agrees to give him a raise. The mayor agrees. In this scenario, which of the following statements is true? A) A valid contract exists because all the elements of a valid contract are present. B) A valid contract does not exist because the value of the consideration for the mayor's promise is inadequate. C) A valid contract exists because of the past consideration rule. D) A valid contract does not exist because of the preexisting duty rule.

In deciding whether to outsource, managers must consider

A) relevant fixed and variable components. B) sunk costs. C) only variable costs. D) none of the above.