The emphasis on aggressiveness and vigilance in herding communities fosters a culture of ________ ________________

Since 1996, neural-tube defects have decreased by over 25 percent in the United States and Canada. No decrease has occurred in Europe. What is the reason for the decrease in the United States and Canada?

Environmental changes in climate are responsible. Physicians routinely check for neural-tube defects at birth, thus causing the decrease. Cereals and breads in the United States and Canada are now fortified with folic acid. Europeans are genetically predisposed to neural-tube defects.

The second and third steps in lever-press training consist of delivering food

a. noncontingently and then contingent on a lever press. b. as part of habituation training and also after habituation has occurred. c. in the absence of orienting responses. d. in a way that makes the lever a US. e. so as to assure temporal contiguity while eliminating behavioral discrepancy.