Which of the following occurs when a company sells its products to buyers in a target market without going through intermediary companies?

A market-skimming pricing strategy should NOT be used for a new product when ________

A) the product's quality and image support its higher price B) enough buyers want the products at that price C) competitors are unable to enter the market D) competitors can undercut prices easily E) producing a smaller number of goods is feasible

The costs incurred by merchants in having to change product prices (such as the costs of reentering prices into computer systems) are referred to as which of the following?

A) subscription costs B) fixed costs C) menu costs D) variable costs