What is the term for a measure of intelligence that takes into account a student's mental and chronological age?

Negative reinforcement is best thought of as:

a. reinforcement for an undesirable activity. b. punishment. c. something that was predicted to serve as reinforcement but did not do so. d. stimuli whose termination or removal increases behavior.

One characteristic of identity achievement is that adolescents

A) tend to by flighty, shifting from one thing to the next. B) are happy and satisfied, have a high need for social approval, and tend to be authoritarian. C) show relatively high anxiety and experience psychological conflict. D) are psychologically healthy, higher in achievement motivation and moral reasoning than adolescents in any other status.