In an experiment in which participants were insulted either before or after they learned that the offender was upset due to a low grade (Johnson & Rule, 1986), participants were more likely to retaliate when the situation was explained to them after the insult. These results support the idea that provocation is less likely to result in an aggressive response when
A) those who provoke us apologize before we are provoked.
B) those who provoke us apologize after we are provoked.
C) we learn of mitigating circumstance ahead of time.
D) we can empathize with those who provoke us.
E) those who provoke us have an excuse for their behaviour.
C) we learn of mitigating circumstance ahead of time.
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Patrick is told by the teacher to help Richard who is struggling with his math homework. The result is likely to be _____
A) an increase in self-esteem for both students B) a decrease in self-esteem for both students C) an increase in self-esteem for Richard but not Patrick D) an increase in self-esteem for Patrick but not for Richard E) no change in self-esteem for either student.
The rates of abuse against women tend to be higher in cultures where all but which of the following are emphasized?
a. female purity b. male status c. family honor d. independence