Sometimes long-term memory storage has been described as creating a path such as in a field of grass. Using the field analogy, forgetting would occur when the path begins to disappear due to lack of use. This describes the ____ theory of forgetting

As views of substance dependence have changed based on scientific research, the real driving force behind repeated excessive drug use is now believed to be

A. psychological dependence, based on reinforcement. B. physical dependence, caused by tolerance. C. an allergic reaction to the substance. D. unmet psychological needs in early childhood.

When the family dog licks the faces of the children in the family, they laugh and give the dog a treat. When the dog licks the faces of the parents, they scold the dog. As a result, the dog no longer licks the faces of the parents, but continues to lick the faces of the children. The parents' faces would be an example of a(n)_________ for the dog licking their faces:

a. negative reinforcer b. S-delta c. unconditioned stimulus d. discriminative stimulus