According to hegemonic stability theory, a global free trade economy needs a single dominant leader to keep it open and stable

How did the Articles of Confederation affect America's territories west of the Appalachian Mountains?

a. The federal government was able to easily force the British out of American territory, opening the way for settlement. b. The Articles promised statehood to any region west of the Appalachians that attained a population of 50,000. c. The federal government's military weakness along its frontiers kept the land value low. d. Each state ceded its territorial claims to land west of the Appalachians, giving the federal government great power in the territories.

Consider the following research question, "Does the type of advertisement influence the level of interest in the toothpaste?" To answer this question, a marketing researcher has participants listen to the radio advertisement or watch the

television advertisement about the toothpaste. Next, the researcher asks all participants to indicate their interest in buying the toothpaste. In this example, what is the independent variable? a. the level of interest in the toothpaste b. the type of advertisement c. the marketing researcher d. none of the above