Viewing a traffic jam as a potential environmental threat to one’s survival most closely fits with which psychological approach?

History-graded influences are

A) social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual. B) specific, atypical events that occur in a particular person's life at a time when such events do not happen to most adolescents. C) biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group, regardless of when or where they were raised. D) biological and environmental influences associated with a particular historical moment.

The research method in which subjects are observed unobtrusively, so that their

behavior is not affected by the known presence of an observer, is the ______ method. a. case-study c. correlational b. experimental d. naturalistic observation