When exposure to violent stimuli no longer triggers feelings of shock and upset in individuals, they are considered _________ to violence

How could the illusory-correlation effect produce a stereotype?

a. People use the prospect theory to predict the likelihood of the stereotype. b. People use the representativeness heuristic to determine whether a particular stereotype seems likely for a particular group of people. c. People pay too much attention to a group of people who have a particular combination of characteristics, and they ignore the other three possible combinations of characteristics. d. People overemphasize the estimate provided by anchor, and they pay too little attention to bottom-up processing.

On the first day of his psychology class, Denair sits in his chair thinking, "This class is going to be a waste of time. I failed it before and I'm going to fail it again."

Denair's belief that nothing he can do will change the outcome of the class demonstrates a) learned helplessness b) negative punishment c) latent learning d) observational learning