On the first day of his psychology class, Denair sits in his chair thinking, "This class is going to be a waste of time. I failed it before and I'm going to fail it again."

Denair's belief that nothing he can do will change the outcome of the class demonstrates
a) learned helplessness
b) negative punishment
c) latent learning
d) observational learning

ANS: A, The learned sense that one has no ability to influence their own situation is called learned helplessness.